"Objeto (Le Déjeuner en fourrure)" de Meret Oppenheim, 1936.
La taza forrada de piel de Oppenheim es quizá el más célebre de los objetos surrealistas. La inspiración de su sutil perversidad fue una conversación entre Oppenheim, Pablo Picasso y la fotógrafa Dora Maar en un café de Paris: Picasso, admirando las pulseras ribeteadas de piel de Oppenheim, comentó que casi cualquier cosa podría recubrirse de piel. "Hasta esta taza y este plato", repuso Oppenheim.
En los años treinta muchos artistas surrealistas dispusieron objetos encontrados en combinaciones extravagantes que desafiaban a la razón y suscitaban asociaciones inconscientes y poéticas. Objeto -titulado Le Déjeuner en fourrure, "El almuerzo vestido de pieles", por el dirigente surrealista André Breton- es una taza con su plato, comprados en unos almacenes de París y forrados con piel de gacela china. La obra explota las diferencias entre variedades del placer sensual: la piel puede agradar al tacto pero repele a la lengua. Y una taza y una cuchara están hechas, claro está, para llevarlas a la boca.
En cuanto pequeño objeto cóncavo cubierto de pelo, Objeto puede encerrar también una connotación e intención sexual: trabajando en un mundo artístico dominado por los hombres, quizá Oppenheim se burlará de la "masculinidad" dominante en la escultura, que por convención adopta una sustancia dura y una orientación vertical que podrían tomarse como casi absurdamente autorreferentes. Chic, sarcástico y, al mismo tiempo, atractivo e inquietante, Objeto es astuta y calladamente agresivo.
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Me produce desasosiego. De verdad. No sé cual sería la intención de la autora. Siempre me ha gustado el surrealismo, especialmente en poesía, aunque tuvo un momento de gran apogeo, y no pasó desapercibo en ninguna de las manifestaciones (ya ves la revolución que aportó a las letras españolas), creo que ha quedado relegado. No deberíamos olvidar esta etapa que tanto ha aportado a las artes. Un momento como fue aquel, creo que se empieza a necesitar ahora.
Está también la subversión del objeto contra el pragmatismo de su utilidad. Debemos recordar que una taza es fundamentalmente el volumen encerrado dentro de una superficie con forma de taza, no necesariamente un recipiente para tomar té. Una llave de cristal, por ejemplo, sigue siendo por definición una llave, pero nunca abrirá una puerta. Con eso jugaban mucho los surrealistas también.
Este caso es muy superior por lo que cuentas de una sensualidad traspuesta que se transforma en desconcierto o turbación por una vía tan sencilla como efectiva, lo decía Cortázar: los sabores y olores que nos embriagan en una cama resultan repulsivos en una mesa. Hay un profundo sentido erótico también aquí. Pero insisto en el hecho de que, al vestirlo de piel, el objeto se ha desnudado de su uso diario. Me atrevo a decir que las pieles lo protegen de su vulgaridad, con evidente mal gusto, pero con un poder grandioso: nadie se atrevería a estropearlas derramando té caliente.
Hilvanes y Retales: yo soy de las que piensan que el arte actual aún está bebiendo de las vanguardias de principios del XX, que en pocos casos se ha ido más allá... soy incapaz de imaginar en qué va a desembocar esto, si es que desemboca...
Por otro lado, me alegra que te guste el surrealismo en las artes en general, pero a mí en concreto, las vanguardias en literatura me atraen menos que en artes plásticas.
No sé porqué, es cuestión personal, por supuesto, pero no entender racionalmente una pintura, un collage, lo que sea, no me importa, todo lo contrario, me entusiasma, y hay poco arte que me interese de antes del de las vanguardias, pero leer un poema o una novela y no entender absolutamente nada (en la caso de los escritores más radicales, claro) me cansa y a la larga no me llena.
Quizá en literatura busco más la identificación y el reconocimiento (de mí, de la sociedad, de la gente) y en arte plástico la sorpresa y la aventura, la locura de lo irracional y el simple juego de los sentidos.
Todo esto sin restar la importancia insuperables como revulsivo y dinamitador en las letras que tuvo un movimiento como el surrealismo. Ya te digo, son matices personales.
Encantada de charlar contigo!
Balcius, nada me alegra más que volver a escribirte unas líneas. Deseo que todo te vaya de maravilla y que estés fabulosamente bien.
Como siempre, leerte es reflexionar y aprender. Estoy de acuerdo con todo lo que nos cuentas y me ha gustado que fueras más allá de mi somero análisis.
Muchos besos, hasta pronto!
Jo, me da un repelús tremendo...
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